April is Testicular Cancer Awareness Month, a time to share information about the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 44 (13% of cancer diagnoses in this age range).

A 2024 American Cancer Society (ACS) report found that while cancer deaths are declining, new cases are rising—jumping from 1.9 million in 2022 to more than 2 million in 2023. Notably, younger adults are the only age group experiencing an increase in overall cancer diagnoses, making awareness and early detection more crucial than ever. Fortunately, with early detection and treatment, the survival rate is promising, with a five-year survival rate exceeding 95%.

Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells develop in one or both testicles. Though relatively rare compared to other cancers, it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among young men.

“Despite its high survival rate, testicular cancer is often not openly discussed due to the stigma surrounding men’s health,” explained Dr. John Husted, General Surgeon, and independent member of the Medical Staff at Barstow Community Hospital. “We hope that more men implement self-exams and see their doctor regularly. These simple steps can save lives.”

Risk Factors and Symptoms
While the exact cause of testicular cancer remains unknown, several factors may increase the risk, including:

• A family history of testicular cancer
• Undescended testicle(s)
• Abnormal testicular development
• Previous testicular cancer diagnosis

Common symptoms of testicular cancer include:

• A painless lump or swelling in one or both testicles
• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
• Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum
• Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
• Sudden fluid buildup in the scrotum

The Importance of Self-Examinations
Monthly self-examinations are a simple and effective way to detect testicular cancer early. Check for lumps, swelling, or changes. If you notice anything unusual, contact a healthcare provider so you can rule out any concerns or address issues promptly.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options
If testicular cancer is suspected, a doctor may perform a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests to check for tumor markers. If diagnosed, treatment options may include:

• Surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy)
• Radiation therapy for certain types of testicular cancer
• Chemotherapy for more advanced cases

Most men can return to normal activities after treatment, and many still retain their fertility. However, it is important to discuss fertility preservation options, such as sperm banking, before beginning treatment.

Testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially when caught early. By staying informed and proactive, we can help reduce the impact of this disease and support those affected. Talk to your primary care physician about getting checked out for testicular cancer.